Cholera

Cholera: Understanding the Threat and Staying Safe

Cholera is a serious illness that causes severe diarrhea. It's caused by germs called Vibrio cholerae that spread through contaminated food and water. Recent outbreaks in Nigeria show how quickly cholera can spread. This article explains what cholera is, how you get it, and what you can do to stay safe.

How do you catch cholera?

Cholera germs live in poop (stool) from someone who is infected. These germs get into water or food if someone who is sick doesn't wash their hands well after using the bathroom. When someone else eats or drinks something contaminated with cholera germs, they can get sick too.

Here are the main ways cholera spreads:

Drinking contaminated water: This is the biggest risk factor. Contaminated water can come from wells, rivers, or lakes that are dirty, or from untreated tap water. Eating raw or undercooked seafood: Seafood from polluted waters can harbor cholera germs. Be sure to cook seafood thoroughly. Eating fruits and vegetables that haven't been washed: If fruits and veggies are grown in contaminated water or washed with dirty water, they can spread cholera.

What are the symptoms of cholera?

Cholera symptoms come on quickly and can be very serious. The main symptom is: Severe watery diarrhea: This can happen many times a day and lead to dehydration. Other symptoms may include: Vomiting Feeling very thirsty Dry mouth Dizziness

How is cholera treated?

The most important thing is to replace the fluids lost through diarrhea and vomiting. This can be done with: Oral rehydration solution (ORS): This is a special drink that replaces fluids and electrolytes (salts) lost due to illness. You can buy ORS at most pharmacies. Intravenous (IV) fluids: In severe cases, fluids may be given through a vein (IV) in the arm.

How can you prevent cholera?

There are a few simple things you can do to protect yourself from cholera: Drink safe water: Only drink bottled water that is sealed or water that has been treated with chlorine or boiled for at least one minute. Practice good hygiene: Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom and before eating or preparing food. Cook food thoroughly: Cook seafood and meat until they are steaming hot. Wash fruits and vegetables: Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating them. Peel fruits that you can peel.

Getting medical help

If you think you might have cholera, it's important to see a doctor right away. Early treatment can help prevent serious complications. By following these tips, you can help keep yourself and your family safe from cholera.